VGTU Phase III Report (2018): 2D and 3D Resonator Array Configurations at 2.4 GHz
Institution: VGTU — Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Department of Physics | Customer: UAB AIRESLITA | Year: 2018
Investigators: Prof. Dainius Jasaitis (Head of Physics Dept.), Prof. Artūras Jukna | Authorized by: Prof. habil. dr. Antanas Čenys, VGTU Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation
Context
The third and final stage of the three-phase VGTU testing program. Phase I (2016) established individual R-C baseline behavior. Phase II (2017) characterized 2D groups of four R-Cs and identified the threshold power relationship Emin ∝ ƒ(hν, E²). Phase III tested more complex spatial configurations — both 2D rectangular arrangements and 3D circular arrays — using a standardized 2.4 GHz test frequency to isolate distance and geometry effects.
Research Objectives
Study the damping efficiency of R-C groups in 2D and 3D configurations at 2.4 GHz; determine optimal R-C placement distance from receiver for maximum field reduction; characterize how different array geometries affect overall damping performance.
Methods
2D configuration: R-Cs arranged in rectangular parallelepiped formations with center-to-center distances varying from 0.5λ to 2λ (0.006 to 0.025 m at 2.4 GHz). Configurations tested with and without a central R-C. The R-C group was placed between the transmitter and receiver (optical transmission) and in the receiver's shadow region (optical reflection), with measurements taken as a function of distance.
3D configuration: Aires Defender Pro R-Cs arranged in a circle at equal distances from each other, with the receiver placed at the center of the circle. Transmitter moved away from the receiver at step intervals of nλ (n = 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5). The electric field strength was measured as a function of transmitter distance at each R-C spacing from 0.5λ to 2λ.
Test frequency: 2.4 GHz (λ = 0.0125 m) — the Wi-Fi standard frequency used by consumer routers.
Key Findings
2D configuration: Maximum change in electric field amplitude (ΔE = E₀ − ER-C) was measured when the R-C group was positioned at 1λ from the receiver. However, as the receiver was moved further from the transmitter, ΔE consistently decreased — consistent with prior phases confirming near-field dependency.
Optimal geometry: Both the presence and placement of a central R-C within the array significantly affected performance. The rectangular parallelepiped configuration with R-Cs at 1λ spacing showed maximum group damping effect.
3D circular array: The circular configuration demonstrated that 3D spatial arrangements can maintain measurable field modification across a broader range of transmitter distances than planar 2D configurations, suggesting practical value for room-scale applications such as the Lifetune ZONE product format.
Implications for Product Design
The Phase III findings directly informed the multi-element resonator configurations used in the Lifetune ZONE and Lifetune ZONE MAX products, which use multiple resonators in a distributed arrangement. The identification of optimal inter-resonator spacing (approximately 1λ) and the advantage of 3D circular configurations over 2D planar arrays provided the experimental basis for room-scale product geometry.
VGTU Three-Phase Program — Complete
Phase I (2016) — Individual R-C baseline | Phase II (2017) — Group arrays, threshold characterization | Phase III (2018) — 2D/3D optimization | Physics and Engineering Cluster →